AS A young graduate in Bangladesh, the dreams nurtured in classrooms now feel distant. The hope of launching a career and contributing to a growing nation has been replaced by fear, fear of instability, economic uncertainty, and even stepping outside. In 2025, Bangladesh stands at a critical juncture: politically shaken, economically strained, and socially unsettled. Yet within the turmoil lies a restless generation refusing to surrender.
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Political turmoil and youth activism
THE political landscape shifted dramatically in 2024 when prime minister Sheikh Hasina, after more than 15 years in power, fled the country amid widespread protests, allegations of election manipulation, and suppression of dissent. An interim caretaker government, led by Nobel Laureate Dr Muhammad Yunus, was formed to stabilise the nation and prepare for democratic elections.
Initially, the change brought hope. Many saw it as an opportunity to build a more inclusive political system. However, the transitional government has struggled to contain unrest, manage factional rivalries, and set a clear electoral roadmap. Observers warn that the situation could deteriorate further without elections by the end of 2025. This uncertainty has particularly unsettled the youth, who are increasingly sceptical about the future of democracy.
Yet, a silver lining has emerged. In 2024, student-led protests were pivotal in toppling the former regime. Youth-driven platforms like the National Citizens鈥� Party, led by activist Nahid Islam, have taken shape out of that momentum. These leaders champion transparency, economic justice, and job creation. Still, they face resistance from entrenched political elites and contend with harassment and censorship. Even so, their rise marks a shift; young Bangladeshis are no longer waiting for change but demanding it.
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Economic strain and the youth employment crisis
ECONOMICALLY, the country faces its toughest period in years. The Asian Development Bank projects growth of just 3.9 per cent for fiscal 2025, a steep decline from the robust 6鈥�8 per cent averages of the past decade. Inflation remains high, the taka weakens, and foreign investment retreats due to political instability.
Young people bear the brunt of this downturn. Youth unemployment exceeds 15 per cent, with thousands of graduates entering a job market that offers few opportunities. Many turn to freelancing or informal work or contemplate migration. For young women, structural and social barriers deepen the crisis.
As a result, a generation full of potential feels trapped. With degrees but no jobs, many express a deep sense of betrayal. Promised prosperity, they face a future where job security is a fading illusion.
Compounding this is a rise in violence and insecurity. Protests initially peaceful have occasionally turned violent. Demonstrations over issues like the Gaza crisis have led to vandalism, sparking fears of communal tension. Minority communities report increased threats, and political clashes, especially on university campuses, have turned deadly.
Fear has become a part of daily life in cities like Dhaka and Chittagong. Commutes to school or work feel dangerous. Anxiety, depression, and isolation are rising. For many, public spaces are now avoided unless necessary. This erosion of safety reflects both political instability and widespread frustration. When institutions fail, some turn to chaos; others, like much of the youth, retreat into silence.
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Signs of hope: anti-corruption, innovation, and resilience
THE interim government has pledged to root out corruption, launching high-profile investigations including one involving Tulip Siddiq, a British MP and niece of Sheikh Hasina. While some hail this as long-overdue justice, others argue it is politically selective rather than a systemic reform.
Nonetheless, these moves signal that the powerful are no longer untouchable. This could kindle cautious optimism for youth disillusioned by years of unchecked privilege, provided reforms remain fair and consistent.
Moreover, despite the challenges, youth resilience shines. Initiatives like the BRAC Youth Career Expo are helping connect young people with employers and mentors. The startup ecosystem, while fragile, persists in sectors like digital services, e-commerce, and freelancing. With the rise of remote work, digitally skilled Bangladeshis are tapping into global markets.
Creativity, activism, and community efforts are keeping hope alive. Many young people are turning to social media, grassroots campaigns, and volunteer work to demand better from their society. They are not giving up. Frustrated, yes 鈥� but more determined than ever to shape a brighter future.
Bangladesh in 2025 stands at a crossroads. The nation鈥檚 youth face a landscape marked by political transition, economic decline, and social unrest. But even in this storm, there are signs of resilience and hope. If democratic elections are held reasonably, institutions are rebuilt to serve all citizens, and civic engagement continues to rise, the country can still chart a better path forward.
What鈥檚 needed now is sustained effort, leadership that listens, and unity across generations. The journey ahead will not be easy, but Bangladesh has a deep well of resilience. For the youth who refuse to be silenced, the struggle continues for survival and transformation.
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Tabbassum Maisha and Farah Tasnuba are youth organisers.
