The Bank of Japan kept interest rates on hold Friday amid lingering political uncertainty and economic concerns but said it would start offloading funds bought as part of its earlier monetary easing campaign.
The announcement came hours after official data showed inflation in the fourth-largest economy slowed to 2.7 per cent in August, with rice price rises slowing following a sharp spike that rattled the government.
In a widely expected decision the central bank decided against hiking borrowing costs, keeping them at 0.5 per cent, but said it would begin reducing its exchange-traded fund and real estate investment trust holdings.
The BoJ began buying the funds 鈥� in a bid to boost liquidity and reduce the cost of capital for firms, among other things 鈥� more than a decade ago as part of its campaign to kickstart the torpid economy and end years of almost non-existent inflation.
Officials began hiking rates from below zero in March last year as figures signalled an end to the country鈥檚 鈥榣ost decades鈥� of stagnation, with inflation surging.
However, with worries about the global outlook and US tariffs growing, the bank paused its tightening measures at the start of 2025, with the last increase in January, taking rates to their highest level in 17 years.
The yen rose against the dollar but Tokyo鈥檚 Nikkei 225 index fell around 0.5 per cent.
In a statement following Friday鈥檚 announcement, the BoJ said: 鈥楯apan鈥檚 economic growth is likely to moderate, as trade and other policies in each jurisdiction lead to a slowdown in overseas economies and to a decline in domestic corporate profits and other factors.鈥�
Japanese exports to the United States face a 15 per cent levy imposed by president Donald Trump鈥檚 administration, causing huge pain for the nation鈥檚 industries, particularly the auto sector.
But BoJ governor Kazuo Ueda told a news conference that 鈥榓lthough US tariffs are having a negative impact, particularly on the revenues of the manufacturing industry, so far they don鈥檛 appear to be affecting the economy as a whole including capital investment, employment and wages鈥�.
The rate decision was carried by seven votes to two, with the dissent described as 鈥榓 bit of surprise鈥� by Tsuyoshi Ueno of NLI Research Institute.
鈥楪overnor Ueda has said he wants to see the impact of Trump tariffs, but maybe there is a division in their opinions, as inflation continues,鈥� he told AFP.
The move comes as the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) prepares for an election for a new leader following the resignation of prime minister Shigeru Ishiba.
The government has come under pressure from voters angry about the rising cost of rice and Ishiba鈥檚 coalition lost its majority in both chambers. A race for his successor will be decided on October 4.
Figures Friday showed core inflation 鈥� stripping out food costs 鈥攈it 2.7 per cent in August.
While that was down on July鈥檚 3.1 per cent, it is still well above the BoJ鈥檚 target of two per cent, and analysts have said the bank will likely announce another hike this year or in early 2026.
Rice prices had skyrocketed because of supply problems linked to a very hot summer in 2023 and panic-buying after a 鈥榤egaquake鈥� warning last year, amongst other factors.
Abhijit Surya of Capital Economics said the main factor behind the fall in inflation was 鈥榓 deepening of energy price deflation... due to the resumption of electricity and gas subsidies鈥�.
But Taro Kimura, an analyst with Bloomberg Economics, said a pullback in inflation 鈥榳on鈥檛 change the big picture鈥�.
鈥楥onsumer prices will remain warm enough to keep the Bank of Japan on track to pare stimulus, likely as soon as October,鈥� he added.