Dressed in a pristine white knit top, Robyn Qiu cut an incongruous figure in her parents鈥� dusty, hangar-like metal hardware factory in eastern China as she gestured excitedly while an assistant filmed her on a smartphone.
The 29-year-old is one of many second-generation factory owners fighting to elevate the country鈥檚 manufacturing sector, pitting digital native skillsets against the rising costs and geopolitical tensions pushing clients abroad.
Qiu said she grew up with 鈥榯he noise of machines running day and night鈥�, but working in manufacturing was not always her first choice.
When Qiu was a child, her parents encouraged her to aim for a white-collar office job far from the dust and din of the factory floor.
鈥楨ven when they were starting the factory, their goal for me, their expectation for me is to really get a good education and break out of the cycle of farmers,鈥� Qiu said of her parents, who come from agricultural communities.
But after years spent working in consulting, the Yale-educated Qiu now feels she has 鈥榯his very strong responsibility to give back to manufacturing鈥�.
Qiu has set up a marketing business that directly connects factories with foreign audiences, through videos posted on Instagram and TikTok, which in China can only be accessed using a VPN.
It鈥檚 a stark contrast from the way earlier generations conducted business, often with many middlemen and at the mercy of major buyers.
In her videos, a cheerful Qiu speaks in fluent English, narrating as she buys street snacks in Shanghai or listing China鈥檚 key manufacturing zones while walking along a factory assembly line.
Qiu鈥檚 parents, who founded the factory in the 1990s, were part of a massive wave of entrepreneurship that marked the first decades of China鈥檚 reform and opening up, when the country transformed into the world鈥檚 factory 鈥� and eventually, its second largest聽economy.
However, rising wages in China and geopolitical tensions with trade partners including the United States have made alternative locations such as Cambodia and Bangladesh increasingly attractive to clients.
The Qius lost major customers in the 2010s after refusing an offer to move their production to Cambodia.
Flagging domestic demand in recent years has further weighed on the sector, with the official factory activity index in China contracting for five months in a row since May.
The Qius have adapted 鈥� they recently purchased more advanced equipment to automate more of the manufacturing process.
They are also experimenting with making their own products, laser levels for construction use, rather than only making parts for clients.
Qiu said she sees the supply chain as a pyramid, with international brands at the top and raw material suppliers at the bottom.
鈥楥hina is in the middle,鈥� she said. And now, 鈥榚ither we go up or we will go down鈥�.
Rose Law, the daughter of a cosmetics factory owner in southern Guangdong province, echoed many of Qiu鈥檚 thoughts, telling AFP her personal goals include 鈥榖eing able to have a more positive impact on the industry鈥�.
She is overseeing the development of product brands for the family business 鈥� a step up the supply chain from originally making other brands鈥� goods.聽
Law runs her own shampoo brand, with packaging and formulas inspired by traditional Chinese herbal remedies.
鈥業n my parents鈥� generation, all industries were new, and everyone in various sectors was competing from a similar starting line,鈥� Law told AFP.
Now, she sees creating brand loyalty rather than remaining an anonymous supplier as a way to keep orders stable and profitable.
鈥業n a market with oversupply, being seen and trusted is extremely important,鈥� she said 鈥� and social media is an important way to gain that crucial visibility.聽
Qiu said the reaction to her videos has been 鈥榓mazing鈥�, with more than 500 buyers contacting her since May this year, and more than 1,50,000 users following her Instagram page.
Her online success is mirrored by other 鈥楥hangerdai鈥�, the Chinese name for second-generation factory owners 鈥� a play on 鈥楩uerdai鈥�, a phrase used to describe often idle scions of generational wealth.聽
Changerdai content has gone viral both at home and abroad, albeit sometimes as inadvertent memes.
On Instagram, Guangzhou-based LC Sign has drawn half a million followers through videos in which a man, 鈥楾ony鈥�, shows off LED signs and does impressions of former US president Donald Trump.
On domestic platforms, a six-episode short video drama called 鈥楾he Empire of Towel鈥� 鈥� made by a towel factory Changerdai 鈥� has billions of views.聽
Nowadays, 鈥榠f you want to do marketing, you want to get people鈥檚 attention, you have to invest in short videos鈥�, said Qiu.