Journalists are facing raids and terrorism charges in Ethiopia as the media denounces a renewed ‘climate of fear’ ahead of elections next year.
There had been hopes for greater press freedom after prime minister Abiy Ahmed took power in 2018, with exiled journalists encouraged to return.
But a brutal war in the Tigray region from 2020 to 2022, and ongoing insurgencies in Amhara and Oromia regions, have led to those freedoms being once again harshly curtailed.
Last month, three employees of Addis Standard, an online newspaper published in English, were detained for several hours for unknown reasons following a police raid on their offices.
Six laptops and eight phones were seized and have still not been returned.
In March, seven journalists from the private Ethiopian Broadcasting Service were arrested in a terrorism investigation after the broadcast of a documentary in which a woman claimed to have been raped by men in military uniform.
The woman later retracted her statements and the station apologised, but that was not accepted by the authorities.
On April 23, a journalist for The Reporter newspaper, who was investigating the grievances of dismissed former military personnel seeking financial compensation, was arrested.
Last month also saw parliament pass an amendment to the press freedom law, putting oversight powers more firmly in the hands of the prime minister’s office rather than the semi-independent media association.
‘The current situation for journalists in Ethiopia is direr than ever,’ said ‘Tesfa’, a journalist who has worked in the east African country for 10 years.
Like other journalists interviewed by AFP, he gave a false name for fear of repercussions by the security agencies, describing a widespread ‘climate of fear’.
After the raid at Addis Standard, ‘Admasu’, who works for another private media outlet, said he deleted messages on WhatsApp and social media.
‘I realised it was time to think twice before doing anything that might land me in jail for no reason,’ he said.
Last Saturday, World Press Freedom Day, 14 diplomatic missions in Ethiopia, including Britain, Belgium and France, issued a statement, deploring the fact that ‘freedom of expression continues to be subject to significant pressure’.
Ethiopian authorities did not respond to multiple requests for comment from AFP.
Some of the toughest restrictions are around access to Oromia and Amhara, the insurgency-hit regions that are Ethiopia’s most populous with more than 60 million people between them.
Millions of children are deprived of schooling and hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced by the violence, but reporters are rarely granted access.
France-based media watchdog Reporters Without Borders put Ethiopia 145th out of 180 countries in its latest press freedom ranking.
It said Abiy, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019 for his temporary rapprochement with neighbouring Eritrea, had opened up the media space for a while.
RSF said Ethiopia was ‘more open and pluralistic than under the previous regime, and more than 200 once-banned media outlets are now authorised’.
But it said the government was now moving to ‘retake control of the information space’.
Sadibou Marong, director of RSF’s sub-Saharan Africa bureau, told AFP the ‘recent attacks on press freedom... are weakening an already precarious situation’, with journalists facing ‘long detentions’ and being forced into self-censorship.
Local reporters fear the situation will only get worse.
‘This trend will continue as the elections approach,’ said ‘Yosef’, referring to the vote due by June 2026.
Yosef, who works for a foreign media outlet, said he ‘expects further arrests’ and intimidation, with many journalists now thinking of leaving Ethiopia or quitting the profession.
